Oil and Gas Exports From the Caspian Region

Oil and Gas Exports from the Caspian Region provides analysis of the fundamentals and practice of oil and gas exports from:

• Azerbaijan
• Kazakhstan
• Turkmenistan
• Uzbekistan

The report reviews the export potential of the Caspian region and focuses on economic, legal and technical aspects of exporting oil via different routes.

Oil and Gas Exports from the Caspian Region identifies developments and major trends in the oil and gas industry of the Caspian region, taken individually and as an interdependent system. The report analyzes the most important transportation projects considered by investors, including developing new export routes and expanding existing facilities.

SECTION 1. OIL EXPORTS FROM THE CASPIAN REGION
Executive Summary

 
Kazakhstan
Chapter 1. Export Potential
Oil reserves
Oil exploration
Oil production
Oil refining
Oil export
Oil balance

 
Chapter 2. Existing Oil Export Transportation Infrastructure
2.1. Pipeline transport
    Westward
    Northward
    Southward
2.2. Rail transportation
   Rail shipments
2.3. Marine terminals
   Marine shipments

 
Chapter 3. Oil Export Practices
3.1. Legislative regulation of exports
3.2. Oil export procedures
3.3. Export taxation, transportation tariffs
   Export duty
   Customs clearance fee
   Pipeline tariffs
   Transport costs at Аktau
   Railroad tariffs
   Tariff discounts

 
Chapter 4. Oil Export Routes from Kazakhstan to World Markets
4.1. Export routes
   Westward
   Northward
   Eastward
   Southward
   Other export routes
4.2. Comparative analysis of export routes efficiency

  
Chapter 5. Prospects for Kazakhstan's Oil Exports
5.1. Prospects for oil production
5.2. Export transportation infrastructure projects
   Projects to expand existing transportation infrastructure
   New infrastructure development projects

Azerbaijan
Chapter 1. Export Potential
Oil reserves
Oil exploration
Oil production
Oil refining
Oil export
Oil balance

 
Chapter 2. Existing Oil Export Transportation Infrastructure
2.1. Pipeline transport
   Baku-Novorossiysk oil pipeline
   Baku-Supsa oil pipeline
2.2. Rail transport
2.3. Marine terminals
2.4. Tanker fleet

  
Chapter 3. Oil Export Practices
3.1. Legislative regulation of exports
3.2. Oil export procedures
3.3. Export taxation, transportation tariffs 
   Export excise tax
   Customs clearance fee
   Pipeline tariffs
   Port fees
   Railroad tariffs
   Tariff discounts

 
Chapter 4. Oil Export Routes from Azerbaijan to World Markets
4.1. Export routes
    Northward
    Westward
4.2. Comprative analysis of export routes efficiency

  
Chapter 5. Prospects for Azeri Oil Exports
5.1. Prospects for oil production

5.2. Export transportation infrastructure projects
   New infrastructure development projects
   Projects to expand existing transportation infrastructure

 
Turkmenistan
Chapter 1. Export Potential
Oil reserves
Oil exploration
Oil production
Oil refining
Oil export
Oil balance

Chapter 2. Existing Oil Export Transportation Infrastructure
2.1. Pipeline transport
2.2. Marine terminals
   Marine shipments

 
Chapter 3. Oil Export Practices
3.1. Legislative regulation of export

3.2. Oil export procedures
3.3. Export taxation, transportation tariffs

  
Chapter 4. Oil Export Routes from Turkmenistan to World Markets
4.1. Export routes 
   Northwestward
   Westward
   Southward
4.2. Comparative analysis of export routes efficiency

 
Chapter 5. Prospects for Turkmenistan's Oil Exports
5.1. Prospects for oil production
5.2. Export transportation infrastructure projects
   Projects to expand existing transportation infrastructure
   New infrastructure development projects

 
SECTION 2. GAS EXPORTS FROM THE CASPIAN REGION

Executive Summary

 
Turkmenistan
Chapter 1. Export Potential
Gas reserves
Gas exploration
Gas production
Gas processing
Gas export
Gas balance

 
Chapter 2. Existing Gas Exports

Transportation infratructure

  Westward
  Northward
  Southward

 
Chapter 3. Gas Export Practices
3.1. Legislative regulation of exports
3.2. Gas export procedures
3.3. Export taxation, transportation tariffs

  
Chapter 4. Gas Export Routes from Turkmenistan to World Markets
   Westward
   Southward

 
Chapter 5. Prospects for Turkmenistan's Gas Exports
5.1. Prospects for gas production
5.2. Projects to expand procesing capacity
5.3. Export transportation infrastructure projects
   Projects to expand existing transportation infrastructure
   New infrastructure development projects

 
Uzbekistan
Chapter 1. Export Potential
Gas reserves
Gas exploration
Gas production
Gas processing
Gas export
Gas balance

 
Chapter 2. Existing Gas Export Transportation Infrastructure
2.1. Gas pipeline system
   Westward
   Northward
   Eastward
   Southward
2.2. Gas storage facilities

  
Chapter 3. Gas Export Practices
3.1. Legislative regulation of exports
3.2. Gas export procedures
3.3. Export taxation, transportation tariffs

  
Chapter 4. Gas Export Routes from Uzbekistan to World Markets 
Westward
Eastward
Southward

 
Chapter 5. Prospetcs for Uzbekistan’s gas exports
5.1. Prospects for gas production
5.2. Projects to expand processing capacity
5.3. Export transportation infrastructure projects
   Projects to expand existing transportation infrastructure
   New infrastructure development projects

 
Kazalhstan
Chapter 1. Export Potential
Gas reserves
Gas exploration
Gas processing
Gas export
Gas balance

 
Chapter 2. Existing Gas Export Transportation Infrastructure
2.1. Gas pipilene system
   Westward
   Northward
   Southward
2.2. Gas storage facilities

  
Chapter 3. Gas Export Practices
3.1. Legislative regulation of exports
3.2. Gas export procedures
3.3. Export taxation, transportation tariffs

  
Chapter 4. Gas Export Routes from Kazakhstan to World Markets
Westward
Northward

 
Chapter 5. Prospects for Kazakhstan's Gas Exports
5.1. Prospects for gas production
5.2. Projects to expand processing capacity
5.3. Export transportation infrastructure projects
   Projects to expand existing transportation infrastructure
   New infrastructure development projects

 
Azerbaijan
Chapter 1. Export Potential
Gas reserves
Gas explorations
Gas production
Gas processing
Gas export
Gas balance

 
Chapter 2. Gas Export Ttransportation Infrastructure
2.1. Gas pipeline system
2.2. Gas storage facilities

  
Chapter 3. Porspects for Azerbaijan's Gas Exports
3.1. Prospects for gas production
   АСhG project
   Shakh-Deniz project
   Other deposits
3.2. Projects to expand processing capacity
3.3. Export transportation infrastructure projects
   South Caucasian gas pipeline
   Projects to expand existing transportation infrastructure

Gas Export Pricing Policy of Caspian Countries
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Transportation costs

Appendix 1 Comparative Classification of Hydrocarbon Reserves and Resources
Appendix 2 Characteristics of Caspian Oil
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan

SECTION 1

Executive Summary
Figure 1.1. Recoverable oil reserves in Caspian countries as of the beginning of 2004
Figure 1.2. Production and exports of oil in Caspian countries in 2003
Figure 1.3. Prospects for oil production and exports by of Caspian countries

 
Kazakhstan
Figure 1.1 Kazakhstan's hydrocarbon reserves at the beginning of 2004
Figure 1.2 Oil production in Kazakhstan
Figure 1.3 Oil refining in Kazakhstan
Figure 1.4 Oil exports from Kazakhstan
Figure 1.5 Kazakhstan's oil balance
Figure 2.1 Main technical characteristics of existing pipelines pumping oil for export from Kazakhstan
Figure 2.2 Utilization of Kazakhstan's oil pipelines in 2001-2003
Figure 2.3 Railroad shipments of oil for export from Kazakhstan
Figure 2.4 Oil transshipment via the terminal in Aktau
Figure 3.1 Calculation of rental tax rates
Figure 3.2 Tariffs on transportation by pipeline segments
Figure 3.3 Tariffs on oil transportation by rail
Figure 4.1 Breakdown of export flows by route
Figure 4.2 Crude oil transportation costs on various export routes from Kazakhstan as of November, 2004
Figure 4.3 The comparison of the efficiency of oil export routes from Kazakhstan as of November, 2004
Figure 5.1 Projected production and export of oil from Kazakhstan
Figure 5.2 Planned oil production by major producers
Figure 5.3 Planned growth in oil production at Kashagan
Figure 5.4 Planned investment in Kazakhstan's oil and gas sector

 
Azerbaijan
Figure 1.1 Oil reserves of Azerbaijan
Figure 1.2 E&P projects in Azerbaijan, as of mid-2004

Figure 1.3 Oil production in Azerbaijan
Figure 1.4 Oil refining in Azerbaijan
Figure 1.5 Oil exports from Azerbaijan
Figure 1.6 Oil balance of Azerbaijan
Figure 2.1 Main technical characteristics of Azerbaijan's operating oil pipelines
Figure 3.1 Pipeline tariffs for transporting oil in Azerbaijan
Figure 4.1 Distribution of export and transit flows by Azerbaijan's routes
Figure 4.2 Comparison of efficiency on routes of crude exports and transit in Azerbaijan, as of November, 2004
Figure 5.1 Azerbaijan's oil production and export plans
Figure 5.2 Key characteristics of the AChG project
Figure 5.3 Main characteristics of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline

 
Turkmenistan
Figure 1.1 Turkmenistan's hydrocarbon reserves at the beginning of 2004
Figure 1.2 Production of oil with gas condensate in Turkmenistan
Figure 1.3 Oil refining in Turkmenistan
Figure 1.4 Turkmenistan's projected oil refining and petroleum product exports
Figure 1.5 Oil exports from Turkmenistan
Figure 1.6 Turkmenistan's oil balance
Figure 2.1 Technical data on trunk oil pipelines in Turkmenistan
Figure 4.1 Exports of Turkmen oil via different routes
Figure 4.2 Efficiency comparison of oil export routes from Turkmenistan as of November, 2004
Figure 5.1 Turkmenistan's planned oil production and exports

 
SECTION 2

 
Executive Summary
Figure 1.1 Recoverable gas reserves in Caspian region's countries as of the beginning of 2004
Figure 1.2 Production and exports of gas in Caspian region countries in 2003
Figure 1.3 Prospects for gas production and exports by countries of Caspian region

 
Turkmenistan
Figure 1.1 Gas reserves and resources in Turkmenistan as of the beginning of 2004
Figure 1.2 Turkmenistan's gas reserves growth
Figure 1.3 Gas production in Turkmenistan
Figure 1.4 Turkmenistan's production and export of liquefied petroleum gas
Figure 1.5 Export of gas from Turkmenistan
Figure 1.6 Turkmenistan's gas balance
Figure 2.1 Main technical characteristics of existing pipelines pumping gas for export
Figure 2.2 Loading of Turkmenistan's gas pipelines
Figure 4.1 Turkmen gas exports to various destinations
Figure 5.1 Projected gas production and exports from Turkmenistan
Figure 5.2 Turkmenistan liquefied petroleum gas production forecast

 
Uzbekistan
Figure 1.1 Uzbekistan's gas reserves and resources as of the beginning of 2004
Figure 1.2 Production of gas in Uzbekistan

Figure 1.3 Production and export of liquefied petroleum gas in Uzbekistan
Figure 1.4 Gas export from Uzbekistan
Figure 1.5 Uzbekistan's gas balance
Figure 2.1 Main technical characteristics of existing pipelines pumping gas for export
Figure 2.2 Main technical characteristics of existing pipelines, used to supply gas to domestic consumers
Figure 4.1 Export of Uzbek gas by direction
Figure 5.1 Projected production and export of gas from Uzbekistan

 
Kazakhstan
Figure 1.1 Kazakhstan's gas reserves as of the beginning of 2004
Figure 1.2 Fields with free gas in Kazakstan
Figure 1.3 Kazakhstan's gas production
Figure 1.4 Kazakhstan's gas production by companies
Figure 1.5 Production of marketable gas by the gas processing plants (GPP) of Kazakhstan and Russia
Figure 1.6 Production of liquefied petroleum gas in Kazakhstan
Figure 1.7 Gas exports from Kazakhstan
Figure 1.8 Kazakhstan's gas balance
Figure 2.1 Main technical characteristics of existing pipelines pumping gas for export from and via Kazakhstan
Figure 2.2 Loading of Kazakhstan's gas pipelines in 2003
Figure 4.1 Export of Kazakh gas by direction
Figure 5.1 Projected production and export of gas
Figure 5.2 Projected LPG production and export
Figure 5.3 Projected volume of gas transported via CAC

 
Azerbaijan
Figure 1.1 Azerbaijan's gas reserves as of beginning of 2004
Figure 1.2 Gas production in Azerbaijan
Figure 1.3 Gas processing at the Azeri gas processing plant
Figure 1.4 Azerbaijan's gas balance
Figure 2.1 Main technical characteristics of Azerbaijan trunk pipelines
Figure 3.1 Projected production and export of gas from Azerbaijan
Figure 6.1 Expenses for gas delivery to Ukraine

SECTION 1

Kazakhstan
Map 1.1. Oil- and gas-bearing areas of Kazakhstan
Map 1.2. Major oil and gas fields in Kazakhstan
Map 2.1. Kazakhstan's existing export infrastructure
Map 4.1. Oil exports from Kazakhstan
Map 5.1 Projected oil export routes from Kazakhstan

 
Azerbaijan
Map 1.1. Azerbaijan's oil- and gas-bearing regions
Map 2.1. Azerbaijan's existing export infrastructure
Map 5.1. Projected oil export routes from and via Azerbaijan

 
Turkmenistan
Map 1.1. Turkmenistan's oil- and gas-bearing regions
Map 2.1. Turkmenistan's existing export infrastructure
Map 4.1. Turkmenistan's export routes
Map 5.1. Projected oil export routes from and via Turkmenistan

 
SECTION 2

Turkmenistan
Map 1.1. Turkmenistan's oil- and gas-bearing regions
Map 2.1. Turkmenistan’s existing gas transportation infrastructure
Map 5.1. Potential gas export routes

 
Uzbekistan
Map 1.1. Uzbekistan oil- and gas-bearing regions
Map 2.1. Uzbekistan's existing gas transportation infrastructure
Map 5.1. Potential gas export routes

 
Kazakhstan
Map 1.1. Kazakhstan's gas fields
Map 2.1. Kazakhstan’s existing gas transportation infrastructure
Map 5.1. Potential gas export routes

 
Azerbaijan
Map 1.1. Azerbaijan's oil- and gas-bearing regions
Map 2.1. Azerbaijan's existing gas transportation infrastructure
Map 5.1. Potential gas export routes